Food
A grain is a small, hard, dry seed – with or without an attached hull or fruit layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.
Grain is the harvested seed of grasses such as wheat, oats, rice, and corn. Other important grains include sorghum, millet, rye, and barley.
GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled
All types of grains are good sources of complex carbohydrates and some key vitamins and minerals, but whole grains — the healthiest kinds of grains — in particular are an important part of a healthy diet.
Grains are naturally high in fiber, helping you feel full and satisfied — which makes it easier to maintain a healthy body weight. Whole grains are also linked to a lower risk of heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and other health problems.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that at least half of all the grains you eat are whole grains. If you're like most people, you're not getting enough whole grains — so see how to make whole grains a part of your healthy diet.
Also called cereals, grains and whole grains are the seeds of grasses cultivated for food. Grains and whole grains come in many shapes and sizes, from large kernels of popcorn to small quinoa seeds.
Examples of whole grains include:
Whole-wheat bread, pasta or crackers.
Cereal grain seeds clockwise from top-left: wheat, spelt, oat, barley.
barley
oats
rice
rye
spelt
teff
triticale
wheat
wild rice
Pseudocereal grains
Buckwheat
Starchy grains from broadleaf (dicot) plant families:
amaranth (Amaranth family) also called kiwicha
buckwheat (Smartweed family)
chia (Mint family)
quinoa (Amaranth family, formerly classified as Goosefoot family)
kañiwa
Pulses
Lentil
Pulses or grain legumes, members of the pea family, have a higher protein content than most other plant foods, at around 20%, while soybeans have as much as 35%. As is the case with all other whole plant foods, pulses also contain carbohydrates and fat. Common pulses include:
chickpeas
common beans
common peas (garden peas)
fava beans
lentils
lima beans
lupins
mung beans
peanuts
pigeon peas
runner beans
soybeans
Oilseeds
Oilseed grains are grown primarily for the extraction of their edible oil. Vegetable oils provide dietary energy and some essential fatty acids. They are also used as fuel and lubricants.[6]
Mustard family
Rapeseed
black mustard
India mustard
rapeseed (including canola)
Aster family
Sunflower seeds
safflower
sunflower seed
Other families
flax seed (Flax family)
hemp seed (Hemp family)
poppy seed (Poppy family)
Historical importance
Because grains are small, hard and dry, they can be stored, measured, and transported more readily than can other kinds of food crops such as fresh fruits, roots and tubers. The development of grain agriculture allowed excess food to be produced and stored easily which could have led to the creation of the first temporary settlements and the division of society into classes.
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